Rapper Q Tip From Hip Hop - 1470 Words

Rapper Q-Tip from hip hop group, A Tribe Called Quest famously conveyed in â€Å"Excursions†, a track from the 1993 album The Low End Theory, that music is cyclical, and jazz is the foundation for the new abstract in hip-hop just as hip-hop will be the new ground for whatever music the black community creates next. Even before the advent of the hip-hop genre, Jazz musicians participated in riff borrowing and sharing on standards. Simon and Garfunkel reused recordings of earlier songs in tracks they produced later. These uses can easily be considered an early form of sampling, a practice that utilizes pieces of a musical recording in another musical work as an instrument. As hip-hop grew in popularity, moving from the early reggae grooves over which emcee’s rapped to sampled songs, controversy over creative ownership also flourished in the music community. It wasn’t until the landmark 1991 Biz Markie copyright infringement case over his use of a Gilbert O’Sullivan sample on I Need a Haircut that the courts determined sampling constituted willful infringement. Record companies, realizing the cost of an infringement case, pushed artists to declare the use of samples in their works. However, with fear of incurring additional costs, companies and artists also embraced the possibility of being sampled as they often earned royalties for their contributions. Some publishing companies, namely Bridgeport Music, Inc. and TufAmerica Inc., took the profitability of copyright ownership evenShow MoreRelatedThe Undeniable Influence of Kanye West1451 Words   |  6 PagesThe Undeniable Influence of Kanye West Kanye Omari West, an icon of hip-hop, pop culture, fashion and music in general. Kanye Omari West, a person belittled against and a person subjected to a life of racism and hate. Born on June 8th, 1977, Donda West, West’s mother, always knew he was destined for greatness, but did she know her son would turn out to be the Kanye West, a man lacking the respect he deserves for transforming a big part of the music we listen to on this very day? West came ontoRead MoreRap Hop And The Hip Hop Essay1825 Words   |  8 Pages The hip hop community has gone through a number of discussions on the worth and merit of mumble rap across well opinionated youtube videos, long winded podcasts, as well as the vicariously living through celebrities who mimic the style, technique and overall aesthetic of artists associated with the mumble rap genre. Let s say, for the most part, the hip hop community has a problem with mumble rap. For the most part, it makes sense. Humans are prone to resist change, especially as overt asRead MoreThe Persona Of The Typical Mc Is An Act1760 Words   |  8 PagesThe persona of the typical MC is an act. Ice-T, one of the great American rappers said, â€Å"The MC possesses the great gift of communication. He has the ability to capture everybody’s attention with incredible displays of verbal acrobatics and the power to command a crowd† (â€Å"Something from Nothing: The Art of Rap†). An important character of art, different cultures and people are reflected in different styles. â€Å"It didn’t start out as a popular culture movement, it didn’t even have pop culture ambitionsRead MoreRap : The Flow Of A Disputed Artform3070 Words   |  13 Pagesactuality, when all of it’s parts are taken into context and judged subjectively, rap music is in essence a technically demanding art form and a raw, powerful musical genre rooted in hip-hop culture. Like other modes of art, rap has a deep history that still continues on today. From the early roots of RB and background in hip-hop, rap has taken on its own character defined by lyrics and rhyme. In the 1970s, rapping in the US first started out as a kind of street art, especially among African American teenagersRead MoreThe Power of Hip-hop in the Business World Essay2228 Words   |  9 PagesSince its conception, Hip-Hop culture has always been popular among young people. Now businesses are beginning to use Hip-Hop cultures popularity among the young people to increase the sales of their products. By advertising fashion, films and other miscellaneous types of products businesses use the hip hop culture to appeal to a target audience. Since the late 1970s, Hip-Hop fashion has changed significantly over the years. As the future approaches it has become a prominent part of the fashion

The Need for Mass Media Free Essays

Are there still mass media? The easy and immediate answer would be an absolute yes. However, the difficulty comes from substantiating the answer. For the purposes of this paper, mass media will be defined using Boeren’s (1994: 122-123) classification of media. We will write a custom essay sample on The Need for Mass Media or any similar topic only for you Order Now According to him, mass media refers to â€Å"all media that enable one to disseminate ideas to large audiences through technological/electronic means†. Included here are printed medium of communication (books, newspapers, magazines, posters, etc.), recordings, radio, television, film, cassette, video programs, and the most recent information-carrying technology—the internet. Mass media here was also differentiated by Boeren from other channels of communication. These are media generated by the human body (verbal language, facial expressions, body decorations and the likes), objects or substances used in transient communication (Morse code, horn signals, perfume, etc.), objects or substances used to deposit and express ideas (architecture, ornaments, paintings, etc.), and complex media that refers to rituals and the performing arts such as songs, puppet shows, theater and the likes. To support the answer posed above, there is mass media and it is here to stay.   This is on the basis of, first, mass media play an important role in a democratic society wherein â€Å"the welfare of an entire nation depends on the knowledge and good judgment of the majority of individuals† (English Hach 1968: 259). In support of this, the University of Washington (2000), in its article â€Å"What is the role of the media in the United States?† stated that media support democracy. This is done in a way wherein the media serve as a significant source of information. Through the information (and competing ideas) circulated by the media, people are then able to govern themselves or able to make their own decisions. Furthermore, mass media provide the general public â€Å"with the information it needs to function as a democracy† (Stay 1999). With this, it could be said that being a model country where its citizens enjoy democratic space, the United States of America will always consider media outlets as key structures or institutions for maintaining democracy in its ideal state. Second, there is a need to examine the role of mass media in a society. If those roles are still satisfied, then, it could be well validated that there is still mass media. For this paper, the roles of the media outlined by Voelker, F. and Voelker, L. (1978) were referred to. These are Informers or providers of information, Entertainers or providers of pleasure and enjoyment, and Persuaders or could be referred to as shapers of perception/public opinion and behavior. Mass Media as Informers News source for Americans has evolved over the past decades. Americans used to rely largely on print medium (mainly newspapers). Then the radio innovated how the public get their news from black and white printed paper. Then came television. And since then, it could be said that television has been the number one source of news compared to newspapers and radios. That TV is the primary source of news for Americans should not come as a surprise. In its study, the Arizona State University gave some data showing that TV sets are a fixture in American households (Arizona State University, n.d.). Data shows that 98.3% of households have TV sets, 65% have cable TV, TV sets are turned on for an average of 7 hours each day and that an average American spends 2.5 hours a day in front of TV. Aside from this access, news on TV is more available around the clock wherein we have early morning shows, noon newscasts, late night news and news breaks in between regular TV programs. In addition, TV is viewed as a source for international and national news while newspapers as source of local information. Meanwhile, with the advent of the internet, it is not yet defined whether this new technology has overtaken TV as the primary source of news. But data shows that over 2.5 million Americans are watching less TV this year compared in 2006 (Bauder c.2006). This decline has not been attributed to the internet replacing TV as a source of information (or other TV programs) but one of the factors being speculated upon is that more shows are either being downloaded or streamed. Mass Media as Persuaders With scores of discussion debating over the effects of media content, the point that mass media shapes individual or collective perception and behavior could not be disregarded. Gans (n.d.:236) stated that news, as an example of media content, â€Å"does not limit itself to reality judgments; it also contains values or preference statements.† With this, Gans forwarded that underlying the news lies â€Å"a picture of nation and society as it ought to be.† For example, a protest march pictured as a disruption to public order, would be considered more news worthy and placed in headline news. On the other hand, a family murder that claimed three victims is less news worthy would be placed in local news. The way how news stories are prioritized and presented in turn shapes the public’s perception on what social disorder is. On a different note, Klapper (1967:331-333) believes that mass media mainly strengthen the views the audience have. One factor leading to this situation is that generally, people lean to (watch, listen, read) materials that advocate the same views that they have. Similarly, people tend to ignore materials that are conflicting or opposing to their own judgment. Aside from the reinforcement power of mass media, Klapper also believes that the media is effective in creating opinion on new issues. He explained that when an individual has no predisposition on an issue, that individual would be vulnerable to adapt an opinion presented by any mass medium. That created opinion would be easy to reinforce and then hard to change. Now we go to the media as shapers of behavior. Some of the critics about media content pertain to their effects on the behavior of target audience particularly on issues such as violence, alcoholism and the likes. A research study by Atkin, Hocking and Block (1981:280-289) was used to support the idea that mass media indeed affect the behavior of its target audience. They used a correlational survey design to determine if advertising of alcoholic beverages such as beer, wine and liquor encourage non-drinkers to drink and encourage moderate drinkers to drink more. The questionnaires were distributed to 665 students from seventh to twelfth grades in the states of Michigan, California, New York, and Georgia. Over-all results of the study showed that the relationship between exposure to advertisements and liquor is strongly positive. Also, non-drinkers immensely exposed to alcohol ads expressed intentions of drinking when they get older. The difference between those who intended to drink and the opposite is a significant 26%. Mass Media as Entertainers Apart from its functions as providers of information and shapers of perception and behavior, there is no doubt that mass media also largely function as entertainers. Americans turn to different forms of mass media to enjoy, to relax or to simply spend leisure time. The expansion of leisure time in the twentieth century according to De Fleur and Dennis gave way to Americans’ â€Å"growing interest in various forms of recreation and entertainment: (1981:212). This could be attributed to reasons why most commercial TV shows (75%) are made for entertainment while the remaining 25%   accounts for the news and public affairs, educational and cultural programs and religious programs. They also classified entertainment programs that Americans watch such as dramas, situation comedies, variety and talk shows, personality and game shows, soap operas, children’s programs, movies, specials, sports and special events, and docudramas (1981:190-196). Aside from TV programs, it is also worth noting the movies or motion pictures as channels for entertainment. As early as the 1920s, Jowett (1976, quoted in De Fleur Dennis 1981:212) stated that the movies â€Å"had become the largest and most widespread commercial entertainment form the world had ever known†. By that time onwards, the movies have become a multi-billion dollar industry. Of course, the business would not have been that successful if it had not been for the millions of audience patronizing them. Meanwhile, the print media was never behind when it comes to its role as entertainers. Newspapers and especially magazines make space for materials that offer amusement to the audience. And to complete the package, there is the internet, which makes available online versions of print materials, music, music videos, TV shows, and movies on the World Wide Web. Of course, the internet also offers other types of entertainment that are not offered by the aforementioned mass media such as online games, social networking and others. So are there still mass media? Definitely. To conclude different channels of communication—mainly print media, TV, radio, and the internet—are still prevalent today. The roles or functions of mass media in American society are satisfied because the public has a need for them. Americans are hungry for news and information. They continue to seek information, which consciously or unconsciously reinforce their views on various issues. In addition, Americans continue to turn to mass media as a source of entertainment. No mass medium has been obsolete since it was introduced decades ago. Mass media technology continues to be sophisticated and in the near future, we might be introduced to new channels of communication. Bottomline is, mass media provide distinct social needs of the Americans and that is why these channels of communication are here to stay, up until the next century or even forever. List of References Boeren, A. (1994) In Other Words†¦ The Cultural Dimension of Communication for Development. The Hague: Centre for the Study of Education in Developing Countries (CESO) English, E. Hach, C. (1968) Scholastic Journalism. 4th ed. Iowa: The Iowa State University Stay, B. L. (ed.) (1999) Opposing Viewpoints: Mass Media [online] available Gans, H. J. (n.d.) ‘The messages behind the news’ In Media in Society: Readings in Mass Communication. ed. by Deming, C. J. Becker, S. L. Illinois: Scott, Foresman and Company: 243 Arizona State University (n.d.) Mass Media Society: A Sociological Perspective on Media [online] available from http://www.public.asu.edu/~zeyno217/365/notes1.html [17 November 2007] Klapper, J. T. (1967) ‘Basic Research in Persuasion and Motivation’ In Mass Media: Forces in our Society. 3rd ed. ed. by Voelker, F. H. Voelker, L. A. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc.: 331-333 Atkin, C., Hocking, J. Block, M. (1981) ‘Teenage Drinking: Does Advertising Make a Difference?’ In Media in Society: Readings in Mass Communication. ed. by Deming, C. J. Becker, S. L. Illinois: Scott, Foresman and Company: 280-289 De Fleur, M. L. Dennis, E. E. (1981) Understanding Mass Communication. USA: Houghton Mifflin Company Bauder, D. (c.2007) Data Says 2.5 Million Less Watching TV. [online] available from http://www.breitbart.com/article.php?id=D8P0F6RG0show_article=1 [17 November 2007] Pember, D. R. (1987) Mass Media in America. Science Research Associates, Inc.          How to cite The Need for Mass Media, Essay examples

Training and Development Process at Qantas Airlines - Australia

Question: Describe about the Training and Development at Qantas Airlines? Answer: Introduction Qantas Airlines recruit the professionals and give them extensive training in centers for service excellence. The training and development skills in the staff of the airlines are refined by exceptional training programs arranged by the airlines. The report would cover analysis of training and development in Qantas Airlines in regard with the andragogy principle. The need to know It is essential for the staff and the aviation crew to know the gaps that are preventing in making them international and world leaders. The need to understand the relevance of professional training by the crew members drives the source of world class facilities provided at the centers of Qantas Learning. Learners as Self Directed The Qantas airlines provides various facilities to foster self learning providing a flexible space to learn. There are rotational facilities for the employees to choose their training methodology. The self assessment tasks, assignments and self evaluation techniques (Eiff, 1997) help the adults to actually dwell deeper into the level of their skills and capabilities and refine them with the help of further training. They are provided with a flexible and continuous platform to learn themselves and practice in real life to keep them motivated. The role of learners experience Based on the previous experience of the new recruits, the training and development programs are segregated into four of the main training domains and flying programs to meet up the present demands of the training. The sessions are divided into various stages based over the past experience of the employees. These experiences are pleasurably welcomed by the training center and based over it, groups are defined for further training. This helps in reducing the feeling of discrimination and further leading up to fruitfulness of the training program. Inter group debates, extempore, simulations, problem solving methodologies (Edkins, 2002) are arranged to keep those groups in pace with each other and hence finally come up with a unanimously trained team of qualified professionals. Readiness to Learn The present and future need for customer service in the airlines is what drives the employees to learn the same. Every airlines have different code of conduct which need to be understood by the new recruits in order to uphold and maintain the environment of the customer service in the airlines. The employees are encouraged and made ready to learn everything disseminated in the training program for their personal good and for the betterment of the airlines. Orientation to Learning The training and development cell not only focuses over the core subjects required in the aviation and customer service, but also train the employees for some real life complex challenges that they would face. This orientation towards learning multi faceted dimensions of the real life problems (Davies, 1971) and required knowledge would refine their personal and professional skill set. Motivation The motivation of the crew members of aviation industry as well as the ground staff operating in the offices is directly proportional to the work life balance they attain in their jobs. During the training they are made ambitious and team players to infuse passion and desire for excellent aviation and customer services. They are promised of their job satisfaction (Galusha, 1998) with the help of problem appraisal system present in the company. The time constraints and long shifts are compensated with vacation plans and other incentives given to keep up the spirit of work and keep the employees motivated for work. References Eiff, G., Ropp, T., Mattson, M. 1997,Using Target Performance Indicators as a Training and Evaluation Tool(No. 972618), SAE Technical Paper. Edkins, G. D. 2002, A review of the benefits of aviation human factors training,Human Factors and Aerospace Safety, 2, no. 3, pp. 201-216. Davies, D. G. 1971, The efficiency of public versus private firms, the case of Australia's two airlines,Journal of Law and Economics, pp. 149-165. Galusha, J. M. 1998, Principles of Training and of Adult Education: A Comparison.